F.D.K. Liddell
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, CanadaAddress for correspondence: 35D Arterberry Road, London SW20 8AG, UK. Tel./fax: +44-20-8946-8548
Received 27 April, 2000; Accepted 27 July, 2000.
Both cigarette smoke and inhaled asbestos fibres can cause lung cancer, but the assessment of how these agents act in combination is a matter of great difficulty. In non-smokers, the condition is so rare that, in any cohort of asbestos workers, the standardised mortality ratio (SMR, that is the ratio of the numbers of deaths observed and expected) is quite imprecise. The SMR for smokers, with which it has to be compared, is also subject to sampling error, making the interaction even more unstable. This accounts for much of the variation that has bedevilled evaluation. (more…)